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Even though snoring is most common among older adults Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference , it occurs in many children as well. It can have many causes, some of which cause snoring to come and go and others that are potentially long-lasting.
Knowing more about the types, causes, consequences, and treatments of snoring in children can allow parents to best look out for the health of their children and help kids get better, more restorative sleep.
When snoring becomes more frequent and interrupts sleep, it can indicate the presence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference . Sleep-disordered breathing ranges in seriousness.
On one end is primary snoring, also known as simple snoring or habitual snoring, when a child snores more than two times per week but does not have other noticeable symptoms or associated health issues.
Minor, occasional snoring is believed to occur in up to 27% of children Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference . This type of light, temporary snoring does not usually raise health concerns.
Primary snoring without other symptoms is thought to affect between 10 and 12% of children Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference . Studies estimate that 1.2-5.7% of children have obstructive sleep apnea. Of children diagnosed with sleep-disordered breathing, around 70% receive a diagnosis of primary snoring Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference .
Snoring happens when air cannot flow freely through the airway at the back of the throat. As a person inhales or exhales, tissue around the airway vibrates Trusted Source Medline Plus MedlinePlus is an online health information resource for patients and their families and friends. See Full Reference , creating an audible noise.
Obstructive sleep apnea is another important risk factor for childhood snoring. It is typical for children with obstructive sleep apnea to snore, including with gasp-like pauses in breath. While most children with OSA snore, not all children who snore have OSA.
Of the greatest concern is obstructive sleep apnea. OSA causes major sleep disturbances Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference and affects the amount of oxygen a child receives during sleep. It has been connected to impaired brain development, reduced academic performance, cardiovascular issues like high blood pressure, altered metabolism, and behavior problems.
Traditionally, primary snoring that did not rise to the level of OSA was thought of as benign, but recent research has indicated that habitual snoring also carries health risks Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference . Issues of cognitive impairment and behavior problems have been found to occur more in children with primary snoring than in those who never or rarely snore. Regular snoring may affect the nervous system Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference and have negative effects on cardiovascular health.
Though studies have found a link between habitual snoring and health problems, the exact explanation is unclear. It may be that sleep-disordered breathing, even when it is not OSA, can cause small disturbances that affect sleep quality. Further research is necessary to better understand the ways that primary snoring affects children of different ages.
A doctor can look for signs of more serious sleep-disordered breathing or other factors, such as asthma or allergies, that could be contributing to snoring. They may recommend additional testing, such as with an overnight sleep study, to look for obstructive sleep apnea.
Surgery to remove the tonsils and adenoids, known as adenotonsillectomy, is one of the main treatments for children with sleep-disordered breathing. It is most often considered for children with severe sleep apnea, but it may be an option Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference for some with primary snoring. By eliminating the tissue that most frequently blocks the airway, this surgery can reduce snoring and pauses in breathing at night.
A positive airway pressure (PAP) device channels pressurized air through a mask and into the mouth and airway to prevent obstruction. Most PAP devices are either continuous (CPAP) or bi-level (BiPAP) based on how they control the flow of air.
A way of helping children sleep better is by taking steps to improve their sleep hygiene, which includes their sleep-related habits and environment. Examples of sleep hygiene improvements include setting a consistent sleep schedule, reducing light exposure and screen time before bed, and setting up their bedroom to be as quiet and comfortable as possible.
While these steps for snoring in children are more like home remedies than medical treatments, they may be beneficial. For children who snore, poor sleep hygiene may exacerbate the risk Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. See Full Reference of fragmented sleep and corresponding problems related to behavior, thinking, and health.
Values were derived from numerous sources (listed below) and reflect the most up-to-date guidelines. Normal ranges may include measurements that deviate from these values. Note that the patient's normal range and clinical condition should always be considered.
* For Newborn infants, BP values vary considerably during the first few weeks of life and the definition of HTN in preterm and term neonates also varies. Data have been compiled on neonatal BP values and the summary table is available. Please note that no alternative data have been developed recently. For further information, please see the following articles:
\"Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children--1987. Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.\" Pediatrics 79(1): 1-25.
(Chen and Wang 2008, Chiolero, Cachat et al. 2007, McNiece, Poffenbarger et al. 2007, National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in and Adolescents 2004, Weaver 2019)
(National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in and Adolescents 2004, Chen and Wang 2008, Banker, Bell et al. 2016, Flynn, Kaelber et al. 2017, Weaver 2017, Weaver 2019)
Brambilla, P., L. Antolini, M. E. Street, M. Giussani, S. Galbiati, M. G. Valsecchi, A. Stella, G. V. Zuccotti, S. Bernasconi and S. Genovesi (2013). \"Adiponectin and hypertension in normal-weight and obese children.\" Am J Hypertens 26(2): 257-264.
Chiolero, A., F. Cachat, M. Burnier, F. Paccaud and P. Bovet (2007). \"Prevalence of hypertension in schoolchildren based on repeated measurements and association with overweight.\" Journal of hypertension 25(11): 2209-2217.
do Carmo, J. M., A. A. da Silva, Z. Cai, S. Lin, J. H. Dubinion and J. E. Hall (2011). \"Control of blood pressure, appetite, and glucose by leptin in mice lacking leptin receptors in proopiomelanocortin neurons.\" Hypertension 57(5): 918-926.
Flynn, J. T., D. C. Kaelber, C. M. Baker-Smith, D. Blowey, A. E. Carroll, S. R. Daniels, S. D. de Ferranti, J. M. Dionne, B. Falkner, S. K. Flinn, S. S. Gidding, C. Goodwin, M. G. Leu, M. E. Powers, C. Rea, J. Samuels, M. Simasek, V. V. Thaker, E. M. Urbina, S. Subcommittee On and C. Management Of High Blood Pressure In (2017). \"Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.\" Pediatrics 140(3).
McNiece, K. L., T. S. Poffenbarger, J. L. Turner, K. D. Franco, J. M. Sorof and R. J. Portman (2007). \"Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents.\" The Journal of pediatrics 150(6): 640-644. e641.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in, C. and Adolescents (2004). \"The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.\" Pediatrics 114(2 Suppl 4th Report): 555-576.
Ostchega, Y., J. P. Hughes, T. Nwankwo and G. Zhang (2018). \"Mean mid-arm circumference and blood pressure cuff sizes for US children, adolescents and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2016.\" Blood Press Monit 23(6): 305-311. 153554b96e
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